Landscaping with Garden Rocks to Add Beauty to the Garden

Rock gives more beautiful look to the landscape. Landscape rocks are available in many colors, sizes, materials, etc. Depending of the style of your garden you can choose the rocks for your landscape. You can use the rocks in various places of landscape like pond, walkways, etc. One of the good things about the rock is they are durable and doesn't require any future care or maintenance. Some of the popular rocks that you can use for the landscape design are:

Natural stones
Most of the gardens need natural look in the landscape along with the plants. These natural stones come in few natural colors like limestone, sandstone etc. and shapes. To create a unique look to the garden you can use the mixes of various natural stones for different sizes and shapes. But, this is a most expensive choice if you use in more quantity for your landscape.

Boulders
Boulders are good choice to use in your garden pathways, for garden walls and ancient pieces as they are large. They come in variety of shapes for different levels of landscaping. They are heavy to install and you need to take the help of the professional.

River stones
These stones can be used for decorations in your landscape especially for the water features like fountain, waterfalls etc. It is also used for creating the dry stream beds in the garden. Along with this rivers rocks lava rocks also adds beauty to the green foliage. It can be used as an alternative to the garden mulch. These are available from small to large.

Gravel
For the driveway and pathway you can use this gravel as the common choice. It is versatile choice which offers attractive option for designing the landscape of the garden. This can be easily replaced in future if you need. It comes in different types and grades ranging from small to big.

Brick
Brick is a cost effective option for the landscape design. But, in general it is not that attractive choice for your garden but, if it smoothed to give smooth look then it is a good choice and it also need maintenance which involves regular cleaning and sealing. Laying a patio or pathways with this is difficult.

These are the few stones that you can use in various places of landscapes to enhance the look of the garden. Instead of using only a specific rock mixed rock landscape is also an another good option for your landscape. So, choose the rock of your choice for your landscape and make it beautiful.

Common Causes of Spark Plug Failure

The spark plug is one of the most important components in the fuel injection system of an automobile.

It ignites the air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. The spark plug is mostly used in gasoline engines. A bad or worn out spark plug can affect the performance of the engine, fuel economy and even can lead to starting problems. The failure of spark plug is one of the main reasons for breakdown of vehicles.

In this article, let us discuss some of the common causes of spark plug failure. The common causes of spark plug failure are fouling, wear out/cracks and overheat.

Let us consider the role fouling. Fouling includes carbon fouling and oil fouling.

Carbon fouling

• Carbon fouling is a common cause of spark plug failure. Carbon fouling means accumulation of carbon deposits on the spark plug.
• The accumulation of carbon deposits happens due to choking, which leads the air filter being blocked.
• If the car is idle for a long time, the temperature drops. Due to temperature drop the combustion deposits on the spark plug are not burnt and develops into a thick black carbon near the spark plug causing carbon fouling. You can find the deposits of carbon the spark plug visually.

Oil fouling

• Oil fouling occurs due to the presence of oil in the combustion chamber.
• The oil enters the combustion chamber through the piston or walls of the cylinders when they are worn out. The oil enters the combustion chamber due to disproportionate oil to fuel ratio.

Engine overheating

• If the operating temperature of the engine is more than 1600° F, it overheats the cylinder and damages the firing-end and electrodes of the spark plug.
• Overheating of the spark plug can also cause abnormal combustion.

Mechanical damage
The threads of the spark plug can get damaged due to improper handling while installing. Damaged spark plugs result in voltage leak in the cylinders.

Worn out spark plugs

• The firing end of the spark plug wears out.
• The gap between the electrodes will become wider when the spark plug is used for a long time.
• Due to this, normal voltage may not be sufficient to ignite the combustion chamber.
• A worn out spark plug leads to misfiring and causes starting problem.

Poor acceleration

• Another common sign of failure of spark plug is poor acceleration.
• Due to this, acceleration pushes down and does not immediately boost the speed of the vehicle.
• Even it appears like the engine is trying hard to pull the vehicle due to the poor acceleration.

Regular maintenance can improve the performance of the spark plug and it is likely to last longer.

PCB: Materials Used in Manufacturing

Need of a perfect material
The properties of the manufactured PCB depends to a great extent (electrically, mechanically and chemically) on the application and the environment it has to be used. The materials employed in the manufacturing process play a key role in determining the properties of the resultant PCB. Therefore, selection of suitable materials for manufacturing of PCB is quite important as they are responsible both to the expected performance of the PCB as well as the equipment made.

A common PCB needs generally a conductive ink and a substrate on which the ink has to be deposited to design conductive paths on the substrate on which components can be placed as per will and need suitable for the application. Broadly, they can be laminates, copper clad laminates, or resin impregnated materials.

Conductive ink
The popular approaches use additive method of depositing a conductive ink onto the substrate to minimize material wastage and achieve greater resolution.

These inks are classified as fired high solid systems or PTF polymer thick film systems. These inks allow print circuit designs on a variety of substrate materials ranging from teflon to paper. The conductive flakes generally consist of conductive materials like powdered silver or carbon.

Silver inks have seen multiple uses in technologies like (Radio-frequency identification) RFID, keyboards and windshield defrosters.

Laminate materials
Laminate materials are particularly the substrates used for depositing the ink and binding different layers of the PCB in case of multilayer PCB.
The materials prominently used as laminates are:

1. BT-Epoxy: It is a group of thermosetting resins. It is obtained by mixing the epoxy and BT (Bismaleimide-Triazine) resins. This material has high glass transition temperature up to 300 degrees C and and  has a very low dielectric constant.

2. Composite Epoxy Material (CEM) : This is a class of materials where woven glass fabric structures with non woven glass core is combined with epoxy resin. There are different types of CEMs :

1. CEM1 : Single layered woven glass fabric with cellulose paper based laminate. It is of low cost and is flame retardant.
2. CEM2 : Woven glass fabric and cellulose paper core.
3. CEM3 : It's similar to FR4; flame retardant and white colored.
4. CEM4 : It's similar to CEM3 but not flame retardant.
5. CEM5 : Polyester woven glass core.

3.  Cyanate esters : They are bisphenol and novolac based chemical substances. They have the property of getting treated many times in a varied range of high to low temperatures. They have a high glass transition temperature up to 400 degrees C  and posses a very low dielectric constant. They are smoke, fire and toxicity resistant and their toughness gives them an edge over epoxies in space applications.

4. Flame Resistant-2(FR-2) : Basically, it is a synthetic resin bonded paper made by impregnating paper with a plasticized phenol formaldehyde resin. It's used in low end consumer electronics.

5. Flame Resistant-4 (FR-4) : These are glass reinforced epoxy laminate sheets made by combining glass fibers with a fire resistant epoxy resin. It's a widely used laminate material. When a thin layer of copper is deposited on both sides of the laminate, it's known as copper-clad laminate.

6. Polyimide : It is made by polymerizing imide monomers. They are flexible, high heat resistant and thermally stable. Used in producing flexible PCBs.

7. PTFE (Teflon) : Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE ) is commonly known as Teflon and is a polymer of tetrafluoroethane. It is water resistant and has a high temperature bearing capacity, which makes them ideal for the use in equipments like microwaves and furnaces.

Need for advanced materials
With the structures getting smaller with the time and the utilities and circuits getting more complex, electromagnetic interference problems arise. They obstruct the development of 3D printing. This is due to the difference in fabrication material used for different components and parts of the PCB.

This problem can be overcome by looking for anisotropic materials and materials with spatially variant lattices.

Material used for the purpose of PCB fabrication still has a long way to go in order to improvise their structure to suit the diverse applications.

Responsibilities of a Criminal Defense Lawyer

Criminal defense lawyers specialize in defense cases involving individuals. They are also called as defense attorneys, public defenders, defend individuals etc. Some criminal defense lawyers are privately retained and others are under the employment of various jurisdictions. These lawyers researches, argues and prepare for their clients. Criminal defense lawyers mostly work on the criminal cases as they are expertize in that field. So, these lawyers will have more grip to handle the cases easily. There are several roles and responsibilities of a criminal defense lawyer and some of them are explained below.   

Responsibilities of a Criminal Defense Lawyer:
There are several responsibilities and the duties that are to be performed by a lawyer to win their clients case in the court of law and also to become a good lawyer.

• He should be capable in competent defense. Competent defense is nothing but cross examining the witness, preparing the statements and also to present the documents relevant to the case. He will represent the client vigorously.

• They will investigate the case thoroughly and perform the legal actions.

• Acquires some evidences related to the case and to prove them in the court of law.

• They examine the crime sense and collect the proves from there.

• Attorney gives advices the client and tells them about  there rights and also ask them whether they have any witness to prove the case.

• Some clients will hesitate to ask their wishes to their attorney so, here the criminal defense lawyer will help you  to solve this issue. He/she will take the wishes of you and gives importance to them.

• Mainly he give confidentiality about you are your case. He will keep all the information confidential regarding your case and will not reveal it to anyone.

• They will help the people who are really innocent guides them all the way.

• Lawyer will have discussion with the prospector for asking them to reduces the charges.

• Attorney also tells the client about the case updates from time to time.

For performing all this duties criminal lawyer must have the qualifications required to become a lawyer and along with this he/she must have a license to represent the case.
Thus, the criminal lawyer helps his or her clients and performs their responsibilities. Apart from that they must also ensure that the are being loyal towards their client and make them feel comfort.

Safe Driving Tips

Safety is of prime importance for all - drivers and the passengers of  the car as well those on the road. You need to take the necessary precautions while driving. Following these tips while driving, which is likely to keep you in safe mode. Here are a few tips for safe driving.

• Don't drink and drive

This is first and foremost tip that every driver should keep in mind. Driving in unconscious state when you are drunk is a big crime in many countries like USA. This may lead to unknowing accidents that may not do intentionally. For this the law will give some serious punishments to the driver of the vehicle. So, better avoid it when you are going for a drive.

• Use seat belts:

Seat belts protects you from many dangerous situations. It reduces the impact of getting injured when your car slips or when it is crashed and also from sudden brakes. Many people are dying because of not using seat belts while driving and there is a law in many countries for the people to use seat belts when they are in car if not followed leads to some punishments by law.

• Deflect distractions:

The main cause for distractions is using the mobile phones for texting and making calls. It is the one of the main reasons for death of many people. Some other reasons like using electronic devices and other things may also cause distractions. So, avoid them while driving.

• Don't Drive Beyond the Speed Limit:

There are some rules and laws to be followed while driving in a car or else for the driver of the car. One among them is following the speed limit. Every state or car will have the speed limit based on there road conditions in that areas. So, driver of the car should follow those rules deflecting them many not only lead to penalization by law but some time may lead to serious accidents. Speed is one of the major factor for the youth because these are the people who while have the drives with great speed.

• Be Attentive When Your are Driving Bad Weather:

When you are driving in bad weather conditions like heavy rain, snow. It is necessary to take safety measures or precautions. Driving in snow and rain may lead to slipping of the cars with no control over it. So, your car must have some systems like Anti-lock braking system (ABS), Electronic Stability Control (EBS), Auto Emergency Braking etc which can reduce the accidents or impact of it.

• Don't Drive if you are Drowsy or Stressed:

It is batter to handle the driving position to some one else if you are drowsy or stressed because in that situation you will not have control over driving and you may some times get in to accidents unknowingly.
These tips are very important for any car driver or the owner to keep them and their family safe when they are in car.

Related Links:
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Nissan dealer Corona

Challenges Faced While Learning Language

Learning any foreign language is a skill that develops over time and which cannot be done over night. One should pay complete attentions and focus when trying to learn any new language. Though it being a challenging task the outcomes and benefits associated are huge. Following are few major challenges people face while learning any new language. The ability to pick up any  new language is at it speak at present and the best way to start is to being exposed to new languages from birth.

• The major problem many people face is the lack of focus or interest which is the thing to be developed. One should work on it and make the process of learning enjoyable and fun.
• Motivation is the primary thing which leads to success for learning any skill and one should either get self motivated or by a trainer who plays a key role.

Pronunciation

• Unfamiliar accents and sounds make things complicated. Even in similar languages like English ans Spanish few common letters carry different sounds.
• Languages usually gets more complicated when certain letters are grouped together which usually changes the sound of single letters.
• Practice by copying native speakers and learn certain rules which make the only solution.

Difficult reading material

• The reading materials people choose belonging to second language learners can be a problem.
• The materials are complicated unnecessarily with sentences and words which are above students level.
• The right reading materials have to be chosen which should contain short sentences for beginners, longer sentences for higher level learners.

Regular practice

• To be good at things one should practice effectively. Even native speakers goes through hard time and even he couldn't read well with lack of practice.
• Reading out loud makes sense with a native speaker and is a good way to practice where the mistakes can be corrected and model up proper fluency, pronunciation and intonation.

Intonation and fluency

• Second language learners often face difficulty in regulation of fluency and intonation as they read loud.
• The reader sounds lifeless and robotic while knowing how to pronounce but lacks to read them in a particular tone.
• Second language learners concentrate more on pronouncing one word at a time and will not be able to see broadly hence failing to reproduce in putting the words together and in grouping them correctly.

The above are some of the major challenges a language learners faces. Trying to overcome with strong motivation and intention helps not only in learning a language but also for achieving things by being strong and determined.

What is Content Marketing All About?

Content marketing means writing and publishing content that is relevant and informative. The content published should help the prospects in their buying decision, so that it attracts them and converts them in to loyal customers.

Importance of content marketing
Content is one of the most important elements for a website. Following will help you understand the importance of content marketing for any business :

Strong customer relationship
A content that is great will help in solving customer problems and will not push the product. Once the customers sees your honesty in helping them tackle their day to day challenges with the content you provide, they will develop strong relationship with your brand.

Credibility
You will earn a reputation in your industry with the content like white papers, ebooks, blogs or case studies. If the content is authoritative and informative, it shows that you know your industry, product and audience. It gives clarity to users and keeps them engaged.

You become a reliable source of information
If you are producing a content that is strong (in terms of influence it creates among your audiences), relevant and informative, you will be able to make a good reputation in your niche. This will take some time as it requires communicating your messages accurately and understanding the need of the target audience. Thus the ultimate goal should be to become leader in your industry.

Educates and empowers customers
A good content strategy not only helps in educating your customers about the product but also helps them in understanding your industry better. The better they know about your products/services, the more supportive will they be. Thus, it makes easier for your sales team attract them and convert them in to loyal buyers. Everyone likes to have more knowledge so help them and keep them informed with your good content. This helps you make visitors to come back to your website.

Fewer customer complaints and calls
The educated customers will contact your call centers less often as your content helps them to solve their problems.

Positive associations
Your website content not only helps in recognizing you as a leader in an industry but also you will stand as one who carries a positive image online and thus helps build brand in the long run. Good content helps people in enjoying personal connections coming with content marketing.
Over time, you will find big presence online by being positively associated with doing good to your customers.

Content marketing is a cost effective, simple strategy for businesses. For small businesses, it is a more useful because they cannot afford to expensive internet marketing tools.

Tips for Traveling with Pets

Pets are like family member for most people. Planning a trip with your pets can be a great experience for everyone.

Here are a few tips to make traveling with your pet enjoyable.

1) Feed your pets several hours before starting your journey: It is better to feed your pet several hours before starting your trip if you are worried that there is a possibility of your pet heaving and vomiting. Also, see to it that you have not left any morsels of food items like burgers wrappers or other choking hazards in the car.

2) Your pets safety should be the first priority: Pets may enjoy keeping his head out of the window, but this way riding can expose your pet to the risk of lung infections or ear damage. Also keep their paws inside.

3) Take/pack first aid kit: It is important to carry the essential items when traveling with pets. Some key items include pet's food, antiseptic cream, eye drops, tweezers and gauge tape. Moreover, packing some of your pet's favorite toys can make your pet feel comfortable while on road, especially when going for long trip. Make sure that you also have the phone number of your pet's vet in case of an emergency.

4) Use some restraint: Just like human beings, animals also need safety in the car. Carriers are best to secure your animal. We get these carriers in different shapes, sizes and materials. But see to it that, it is well ventilated. Its size should be in a way that your pet can sit and lie in it. Most important is, it should come in car.

5) Do not leave your pet alone in the car: In hot weather, temperature is more and  just like humans, animals can suffer from heat stroke easily and in a very cold climate, pats can suffer from hypothermia. Either of them can lead to serious health issues. If you want to leave your pet in the car and go for some work, roll down the window pans and park your car in shade.

6) Take short breaks throughout the journey: Make sure that you stop every hour or two and go for a walk. This will let your pet use toilet and can also stretch its legs. This is also a great way for your pet to avoid getting bored.

Traveling with your pets should be exciting and not a stressful one. By following these tips, you will enjoy taking your pet wherever you go.

Disadvantages of Business Application software

There are certain disadvantages of business software applications. The development or purchase of software is quite costly to for businesses. It affects their budget, revenue and operations. Some software designed for a particular module or business might not support if the software is subject to expansion or additional functional requirement of business. Business software application can affect business with damaging effect of computer virus programs. Improper maintenance of infrastructure will lead to the data loss.

Now we will discuss the disadvantages of business software:

• Delay in development: While developing the software, there is a constant communication needed between the client and the developer. It may affect the operations of such department. It leads to the delay in the business process which can be harmful.

• Cost: The software is quite costly for small and medium companies. It will effect on the budget and revenue flow of the company. Even to train the employees the company has to spend the money as well time.

• Compatible issues: The compatible issues are two types. Relating to the employees and the software. Some employees may not be compatible to work on the software or it is difficult for them to understand and use the software.

As regards software part, it may not fit for the organizational requirements and it might not support the current infrastructure. Some software applications are not compatible with other software applications.

• Virus attacks: Computer virus attacks damage the entire information or partially. Sometimes, it is not possible to recover the data. Then it will be a great damage to the business.

• Theft of data: Digital data theft are difficult to trace. In most situations, it is not possible even to identify the theft. The digital data can send out through so many mediums. Once it leaked out absolutely uncontrollable.

• Hackers: Hackers are also a major problem. They try to get access to the data. Generally hackers targeted to the confidential information.

• Power: Electricity is must to operate computer software. In the developing countries the power is very problematic. Power supply does not occur without interruptions. If the power is lost while working, whatever the data entered and not saved will gone. Sometimes it will lead to software crash. To avoid this power backup is essential, for which businesses incur cost.

Note that all these disadvantage, might not affect a single organization. Some of them can be factors of concern for businesses. It is also important that most of these disadvantages are caused because of mistakes in manual operations. You can avoid such mistakes proper planning and applying the software accurately.

Benefits of Content Marketing for Your Small Businesses

Content is the buzzword in digital marketing. Content takes the form of words included in advertising. Why are people after content? This is because it is an excellent marketing strategy that helps and makes the visitor read and make purchase decision. It also works like a viral (word of mouth) from one to many. For a small business owner, what is important is they need more than satisfied customers who spreads his business. In this post, you will read more about the benefits of doing content marketing in your small businesses.

• It is a cost-effective advertising option: Content marketing is a cost-effective marketing strategy where you need to put a little effort on creating content and posting them in your websites, social media sites and other third party sites. It takes only a chunk of your marketing budget. When you compare with the traditional form of advertising such as television, radio ads, billboards, posters etc. It takes your breath and a lot of money, efforts, time in advertising them.

• It brings credibility: Blogs, articles are the important tools of content marketing that brings credibility to your online business. The more content you publish, the more your business gets exposure.  So, create a valuable informative content that should be able to resolve all the issues or problems that your target audiences are facing. Therefore, it is a best strategy to lure the competitors' customers to your products and services.

• It is a long lasting strategy: Unlike other forms of advertising, content publications such as blogs, articles will drive traffic to your website long even after they were initially published. But this depends upon the quality of the content you have published. So, make sure to create and post quality and informative content.

• It builds customer relationship: Through content you can communicate with your visitors/targeted audience. It is an effective strategy in building relationship by engaging the customers with your compelling content. As content is the means that speaks who you are, what you are in, your skills, knowledge, expertise and so on.

• Drives traffic to your website: Search engines like Google consider content in giving the search engine rankings. Here you need to provide a quality, informative and compelling content that should attract, engage and retain the customers. A happy customer always tries to come to visit your site for more information. This happens if you update the information on a regular basis. The ultimate results is – more visits, more traffic and more the chance of conversions.

Therefore, develop good content that can attract, engage and retain the customers. So, make sure to post your content or share links to your social media sites and the third party sides.

Myths on Affiliate Marketing

Affiliate marketing involves partnership between an online retailer that who wants to promote their products or services and a website owner on commission basis. Affiliate marketing has become more popular and is a big business too. With this, many people are showing interest on affiliate marketing. There are some myths on affiliate marketing, they are as follows:

• Affiliate marketing is too easy or too difficult: Some people say that the affiliate marketing is easy and some people say that it is very difficult. Anyone can get involved in affiliate marketing, there is no special qualification for this as it contains the word marketing so need a marketing degree. In fact it is depends on the capability of the person those who perform the tasks. It is all matter of the website performance, potential visitors, brand recognition of the company and the customers trust on advertiser and the website. Attracting of customers to website is depends on the content and make the visit to sale is depends on the attractiveness of ad.

• Money can earn quickly and easily: There are so many affiliate marketers those are earning some good amount of money through the affiliate marketing. So there is definitely some scope to make money through this industry. But before they start earnings, they put a lot of effort to get success. If you are the starter, you need to do a lot of hard work to make a reputable website or blog. As well there is a great competition in the industry from many other websites.

• One affiliate program is enough: Some people expect that one affiliate program is enough for their site. But it won't give the choice to the customer to select the best option to them. If there are some good reasonable number of affiliate programs and have a good choice to the customers, the percentage of conversion into sales will increase. It will beneficial to both advertiser and the website owner.

• No earnings with affiliate marketing: Another myth is that there is no money with affiliate marketing. It is really wrong. In the last year top top merchants paid millions of dollars. Spending on digital marketing and affiliate marketing is increasing year over year by different industries.

• Website management requirement is very low for affiliate marketing: To become a affiliate marketer is a difficult task. It requires a lot of hard work to have a qualified affiliate marketing website and having some links or advertisements from advertisers or ad servers is a tedious task. Even after the affiliate marketer achieved a good stand, the website needs to maintain properly with a quality content.

Most myths are relating to performance and the money with the affiliate marketing websites. If you manage your website or blog well it will gives you a good results over a time. However, it is a continuous process to face the competition.

Tips on Getting Prospects to Download Dealership Mobile App

Mobile applications can help auto dealerships sell more cars, earn new business and spread their brands. But to promote these programs dealerships need to commit. A mobile application should not be a tough sale for an experienced car sales person. In the app market, dealership app are some of the most practical apps. With a good quality app, potential customers can search or browse the inventory, schedule the appointments with the dealer and contact the dealership directly with the app. These are all possible with a unified platform in the mobile application. To find the right vehicle more and more car buyers are using multiple devices. According to autotrader.com, the car shoppers usage of multiple devices will double to more than 50% by 2018. So it seems like a wise decision by the dealerships to jump on the mobile technology.

• Making as great: An unreliable mobile app does not succeed in the market because smartphone users depend on those that are convenient. The first step in promotion of an app is making an app worth promoting. Consider the major complaints that the smartphone users have with the apps. According to Apigee,  an analytics firm, 76% of mobile phone users give an app that freezes a bad review.

Users also complain about that apps load slowly and sometimes crashed. Do not release the app until it is properly tested across different platforms and devices. You may have an urgency to release the mobile app, but remember that a faulty app will damage your dealership's reputation in moving forward with mobile. To boost your application's appeal, offer some incentives. Include features such as upgrades, gifts or auto warranties (like those are available through carchex.com) as a part of your mobile app. Not only interested consumers are more likely to download, they are also likely to purchase.

• Sell your mobile app: The dealership sales personnel spend their time persuading people to make significant investments in the vehicles. When compared with a twenty five thousand dollars sedan, a less expensive mobile app is an easy sell. When the sales people talking to potential customers, they can easily promote the app. Prospects will appreciate the convenience of a mobile app even if they do not close the deal. And those people will think about the dealership when they are using their phones.

• Online advertising: Advertise on the digital platforms if you decide your dealership mobile app to reach digital users. PPI (Pay Per Install) advertising is one of the efficient ways to advertise your dealership app. When a user installs your mobile app, you need to pay only for advertising. Target advertising is the key for a successful PPI campaign. It seeks the impressions from users those who are interested in the product. Mobile advertising can direct users to a landing page, which enables them to download the mobile app on the spot.

If you want to reach a broad user base, develop your mobile app for both Android and iOS users. If you leave either out, you will lose an important pool of potential users. Android beat iOS to one million mark. However, in the mobile market apple remains a major player. If you want to partner with an app developer, ensure that those are capable of developing your program across at least these two major platforms.

Related Links: 
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All About Green Vehicles

Green vehicles are the ones that are less dependent on fossil fuels or similar alternate fuels like diesel and gasoline for their power requirements. They derive their energy for operation partly or fully from alternate non conventional energy sources such as solar, electrical and regenerative braking systems. These vehicles also produce less emissions leading to eco-friendly technology and lesser health issues and reduce the global warming by controlling the emission of green house gases as per the guidelines of the Kyoto Protocol. It can save our fossil fuels that are on the verge of extinction consolidating the concept of sustainability development.

Eco friendly and energy efficient
Green vehicles in some countries is a term that is used to refer to the vehicles that follow the extremely strict European and Californian standards. These vehicles requires little or no fossil fuels and depend to a considerable extent on alternate fuels. Consequently, these vehicles emit less pollutants in the atmosphere giving them a green designation. In this way, their usage minimizes the health issues that are arising due to pollutants.

It also helps in curbing global warming caused due to heat retention properties of the emitted gases. These gases are called green house gases. The dependance on alternate sources not only gives cleaner atmospheres but also cuts down their cost because the non-conventional sources are practically come at no cost and we need to invest in technology in order to harness them.

Types of green vehicles

1. Fuel cell cars: These cars are powered by the hydrogen fuel cells. The fuel cells produce electrical energy through complex chemical reactions. The efficiency of the systems is very less though it is cheap. Studies are on to increase the efficiency of the fuel cells and in the present scenario, they are not very popular green cars.
 
2. Electric cars: Electric cars are ones operated on batteries. The batteries need to charged through grid connected outline. Solar panel support can be given to them to improve their charge storing capabilities while they are on the move. Battery costs and their weight issues are the key issues.

3. Hybrid vehicles : They are automotives that can derive their energy either through conventional IC engines by using fossil fuels or alternatively they can be powered by solar energy or batteries. They are expensive but they prove economic in the long run.

4. Compressed air or stirling vehicles : These are a class of vehicles that uses compresses air or liquid nitrogen to generate the propelling force.

The benefits
The basic benefit of green vehicles is their eco-friendly nature. They create minimal pollution as compared to their IC engine counterparts. This reduces the health issues. They emit less green houses gases also. Due to their little or dependance on fossil fuels, they are economic and cheap over long periods of time though the initial investment in harness the sources is quite high. They produce less noise due to the motor driven parts rather than engines. 

Drawbacks
The technology to harness the non conventional sources of energy is not yet developed to its optimum levels. So the vehicles have less time operational capability. The batteries get discharges over short durations of time and hence they require frequent charging. It is difficult to get them charged while on the move unless they are provided with solar panels or regenerative braking systems but they too do not account for the greater energy needs. Due to frequent charging, the battery life goes down and the cost associated with the batteries is very high.

The consequences and implications 
The technologies used in this approach are in transition. Today's technology is better than that of of the past. Research is on to make vehicles  more efficient to converse energy resources.

Correcting Your Misaligned Jaw

The misalignment of jaw is mainly due to abnormalities in the temporomandibular join.

Reasons for misalignment of jaw

• Mismatch of teeth on upper and lower jaw
• Muscle spasm
• Disorder of synovial joints
• Injuries during accidents
• Bruxism of teeth

What are the problems with jaw misalignment?

• Pain around the jaw
• Difficulty in eating or chewing
• Difficulty to open mouth completely
• Headache
• Clicking sound during movement of jaw
• Hearing problems

How jaw disfunction is diagnosed?
Diagnosis can be done by the symptoms of the patient and by examining the movement of jaw and biting. Some tests are available to diagnose misalignment of jaw. These tests include:

• Blood tests - It gives the inflammatory signs on the jaw
• MRI scanning - To examine the joint
• Arthroscopy - It uses a fiber optic device to examine the joint
• Nerve blockage - By giving anesthesia near the jaw. If the pain is relieved then you can say that the disfunction of jaw takes place.

What is the treatment?
The treatment for misaligned jaw depends on the severity of abnormality. If the misalignment is due to stretching during yawning, it can be relieved by taking soft foods, by avoiding chewing gums and taking over the counter medicines. If it is due to bruxism, you can go for following techniques.

• Wearing mouth guards - It helps to prevent the upper and lower jaw come closer. This is suitable if the jaw is disfunctioning due to bruxism. Splints are also used. Splints are similar to mouth guards.

• Occlusal equilibrium  - It is a fitted device to the jaw which helps to close the jaw completely.

• Braces �It is used to straighten the teeth and fitted to both the jaws closely.

If the misalignment of jaw cannot be corrected by the above treatments. It can be treated by surgery. The surgery starts by giving anesthesia, and incision is made on the jaw to expose the jaw bone. Then manipulations are made and positioned to appropriate place and sutures are made. These sutures can be dissolved or can be removed in later days.

Complications after surgery:

• Swelling of face for one week
• Uncontrolled movement of lower lip
• Injury of nerves